由于骨質(zhì)疏松,老年人更是脊柱骨折的高發(fā)人群,以往的保守臥床治療,不但脊柱常常難以恢復(fù)至正常形態(tài),更因?yàn)橛暇徛?,患者在長期臥床中飽受疼痛,甚至出現(xiàn)骨丟失,肌肉萎縮,靜脈血栓等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥;
如果選擇開放手術(shù),高齡人群不僅手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大,而且術(shù)中需要?jiǎng)冸x豎棘肌,導(dǎo)致術(shù)后恢復(fù)緩慢的同時(shí)常常造成術(shù)后腰疼及無力[2]。
Miyashita, T.等人的研究表明,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)可取得與開放手術(shù)相同的效果[3],骨折復(fù)位更好。而且微創(chuàng)手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低,可早期下床活動,也可降低神經(jīng)及脊髓再損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),更重要的是,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)通過避免破壞椎管及棘突等脊柱后柱結(jié)構(gòu),更好地維持了脊柱穩(wěn)定性[4-6]。
然而,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)也有其局限性,在以往常用的2種經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘中,固定釘雖然復(fù)位效果好,但要求手術(shù)視野清晰,進(jìn)釘點(diǎn)及角度需相對統(tǒng)一,因而穿棒困難,手術(shù)時(shí)間較長,手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也較大[7, 8];而萬向釘則有復(fù)位效果不佳,術(shù)后矯形效果日漸下降的兩大問題[9]。
上海三友與西京醫(yī)院羅卓荊教授團(tuán)隊(duì)歷時(shí)數(shù)年醫(yī)工合作,創(chuàng)新推出了Lora微創(chuàng)單平面螺釘系統(tǒng),在維持微創(chuàng)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢以外,兼顧固定螺釘與萬向螺釘?shù)膬?yōu)點(diǎn)——在矢狀面堅(jiān)固支撐,提供比肩固定釘?shù)膱?jiān)強(qiáng)固定;在冠狀面自由調(diào)節(jié),如萬向釘般在多節(jié)段快捷穿棒,達(dá)成了高效持久的脊柱骨折復(fù)位效果。
2、Lora系統(tǒng)采用直徑6.0mm棒,增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)50%的機(jī)械性能,顯著降低了因棒直徑小而術(shù)后棒斷裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。有研究表明[11, 12],棒的直徑與斷棒顯著相關(guān),直徑越小,越容易斷棒。
在冠狀面上,Lora單平面螺釘提供25°的上下擺動空間,使其在多節(jié)段穿棒極為方便,比如在需要在傷椎上打入兩釘?shù)男g(shù)式(圖 3.)中,以提供更強(qiáng)固定以及更持久高度維持效果[13-15]。
秉持著兼收并蓄,高效曠久的理念,Lora單平面維持系統(tǒng)同時(shí)兼?zhèn)淞斯潭ㄡ斉c萬向釘?shù)膬?yōu)勢,達(dá)成了更好更持久的復(fù)位矯形效果,為醫(yī)生和患者提供了理想的胸腰椎骨折微創(chuàng)治療方案。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]劉建軍. 胸腰椎骨折并脊髓神經(jīng)損傷治療中手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī)的選擇[J]. 航空航天醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2015, 26(7):2.
[2] 楊標(biāo), 田素魁, 隗昱, 肖飛, 姜福貴, & 李庭棟. (2019). 經(jīng)皮與開放椎弓根螺釘內(nèi)固定治療胸腰椎多節(jié)段骨折的比較. 中國矯形外科雜志(4), 6.
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[7] Wang, H. , Zhao, Y. , Mo, Z. , Han, J. , Chen, Y. , & Yu, H. , et al. (2017). Comparison of short-segment monoaxial and polyaxial pedicle screw fixation combined with intermediate screws in traumatic thoracolumbar fractures: a finite element study and clinical radiographic review. Clinics, 72(10), 609-617.
[8] Liu, P. Y. , Lai, P. L. , & Lin, C. L. . (2017). A biomechanical investigation of different screw head designs for vertebral derotation in scoliosis surgery. The spine journal: official journal of the North American Spine Society, 17(8).
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[10] Bin, Duan, Wei, Luo, Zhuojing, & Yan, et al. (2017). Novel screw head design of pedicle screw for reducing the correction loss in the patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures a biomechanical stu